Glycemic Index

What is glycemic Index ?

Glycemic Index is  Index that ranks carbohydrates based on their rate of glycemic response (i.e. their conversion to glucose within the human body). Glycemic Index uses a scale of 0 to 100, with higher values given to foods that cause the most rapid rise in blood sugar. Pure glucose serves as a reference point, and is given a Glycemic Index (GI) of 100.In Other word , the faster the blood sugar rise the higher the GI

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Treatment of diabetes

When talking about the treatment of diabetes. The first impression would be medication and injection. To be honest treatment of diabetes starting from patient itself.
Yes, you are not hearing it wrong, it started from you (diabetic patient). Your attitude and understanding of the disease contributing to your success of diabetes.
First is understanding of the disease. The understanding of the disease is important for compliance to diet, healthy lifestyle and taking medication if needed.
Low or no sugar diet is important to diet control . Patient should take low or no sugar with minimal carbohydrate diet, moderate protein and fat diet. The ratio is carbohydrate 55%, protein 20-30%, fat 15-20%. If possible , try to take low glycemic index carbohydrate. High fibre diet for those interested.

Healthy lifestyle including exercise at least 30 minute per day if cannot at least 5 day a week. Brisk walking, cycling, swimming all depends on your preference.

Compliance to medication prescribed by your physician. It may be oral medication or injection.
There is few group of medication.
Oral medication such as
 Biguanides-metformin (glucophage)
Sulfonylurea-gliclazide, glibenclamide
alpha glucosinase inhibitor-acarbose
meglitinides-repaglinides
Newer agents- DPP iv inhibitor- sitagliptin(januvia), saxagliptin (onglyza)

Injection medication:
Insulin - short acting, intermediate acting and long acting
GLP 1 analogue- exenatide, Liraglutide

This is the brief thing about management of diabetes.


Any Question Please contact drkhookf.tmc@gmail.com

Steps to maintain good sugar control in diabetes!

The rule of thumb is HEALTHY lifestyle!

Regular exercise ( prefer 30 minute for 5 days a week)
Healthy diet ( Low sugar, high fibre and low fat)
Lose weight (if overweight)
Stop smoking if you are amoker
NO alcohol
Take your medication as Dr request.
Regular visit to Dr.
Regular monitoring of blood sugar

Diabetes info

Many people do not know exactly what is diabetes ? They only know they need to take medication or some need injection? Is there consider serious if taking injection ?
Most of the diabetes in adult is type 2 diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes mainly among children.

How many people have type 2 diabetes?
Number of diabetes steadily increased each day ! More than 200 million people with type 2 diabetes  by 2010 and 380 million by 2025.

What is diabetes?
Diabetes defined as fasting blood glucose more than 7 mmol/L with symptom or 2 occasion fasting glucose more than 7 or 2 hour post 70 g sugar more than 11 mmol/L

Is no glusose in urine means I am free of diabetes ?
The answer is NO ! as described earlier , it is diagnosed by fasting blood sugar . As early diabetes , urine sugar may be NEGATIVE !

What is sign and symptom of diabetes ?
Initial diabetes may have no symptom . Some people may find out their diabetes from routine test or general medical checkup ! As result , 50% people undiagnosed ! If you have increased thirst, increased hunger, fatigue, increased urination, weight loss, blurred vision and unhealed sore, You may have diabetes

what is the risk factor ?
Age more than 40,  overweight, inactive lifestyle, poor diet (high sugar and carbohydrate), family history diabetes, smoking.

Why I should treat my diabetes ?
Study showed diabetes patient have higher risk to have stroke, ischemic heart disease, peripheral heart disease, kidney disease , eye disease and numbness of hand and foot. You don't want this damage to organ , you should treat the diabetes.

How do i know i have diabetes?
If you have the risk factor or symptom , please do the blood check by visiting your nearest Dr.



Any question please contact fangpenang@gmail.com or drkhookf.tmc@gmail.com

Chest Pain

What is chest pain?
Chest pain is pain in the chest.

What is the dangerous of chest pain?
As we all known, one of the most life threatening disease (No 1 Killer in lots of country ) is myocardial infarction or so called heart attack presented with chest pain.

Is every chest pain means heart attack?
Not necessary, it can be other disease like lung infection , heart burn (gastroesophageal reflux) , muscular pain , rib fracture or etc.

Should i see doctor if i got chest pain?
Yes, you do not want to miss heart attack although heart attack presented with severe chest pain radiate to left side but you won't know it for 100% unless ECG is done.

What should i do if got chest pain?
Go and see the physician early and as soon as possible. delay to see the dr may endanger your life.

Any question regarding health you may contact drkhookf.tmc@gmail.com

Ischaemic heart disease

ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a disease characterized by ischaemia (reduced blood supply) of the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis of coronary artery ). Coronary artery is a artery supplied blood to heart. when artery blocked or narrowed the heart will got reduced blood supply then the chest pain may arise.

What is the risk factor of IHD?

hypertension, diabetes, family history of young ischemic heart disease, smoking and hypercholesterolemia is major risk factor. Lack of exercise , homocysteine and high working stress is minor risk factor.

what is the symptom of IHD?

chest pain which is crushing in nature , occasional may radiate to left arm, jaw ,neck or shoulder. Occasionally may present with epigastric pain.

Severe chest pain associated with nausea and vomiting with profuse sweating may suggests myocardial infarction (heart attack). Heart attack means total block of 1 to 3 heart (coronary) artery supply to heart.

How to diagnose IHD?

The easiest way is by ECG.

What to do if I got heart attack?

Came to hospital immediately. Time is myocardium (heart muscle)! The earliest the treatment the better the outcome.

Hypertension

My first topic will be hypertension.
Hypertension is a common term mentioned by Dr and patient all the time. Do everyone understanding is the same as doctor's understanding. I am not quite sure.
Hypertension normally referred as chronic condition in which the blood pressure in arteries persistently raised ! Doctor always mentioned  systolic and diastolic in blood pressure such as systolic 120 mmHg and diastolic 70 mmHg. Systolic may be understand as upper (layman term) and diastolic as lower (layman term).  It actually depends on heart muscle is contracting (systole) or relaxed between beats (diastole).

Hypertension may classified as primary or secondary. 95% hypertension is primary whereas remaining is secondary. Primary hypertension may also called as essential hypertension which means high blood pressure with no obvious cause . Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure with cause which may be due to kidney, endocrine ,heart and etc.

Why hypertension so dangerous?
Hypertension is dangerous because some patient do not have obvious symptom such as headache, vertigo and lightheadedness . Patient may feel perfectly well.It is the risk factor for major life threatening disease such as stroke, myocardial Infarction (heart attack), heart failure, aortic aneurysm and chronic renal failure.

How do i detect it?
To detect hypertension, you need to do regular screening as some is asymptomatic.

Do i need treatment if i got hypertension ?
It depends on the severity of hypertension. some may only need lifestyle modification without medication but most of the need medication.You may consult doctor for further info .